Acne is a very common skin condition that usually begins in adolescence. The hair follicle and its associated oil (sebaceous) gland become blocked and inflamed. Whiteheads, blackheads and inflamed pus-filled spots develop on the face, neck, back and chest.

What causes acne?

Hormones
Hormones gradually increase during puberty. The sebaceous glands respond to androgens by producing more sebum and sometimes whiteheads (closed comedones) may develop.

Sebaceous gland blockage
The skin cells lining the upper part of the hair follicle are not shed as normal but accumulate and form a plug (comedone). The oil is trapped behind it.

Bacteria and inflammation
Increased numbers of acne bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes) accumulate in the hair follicle duct and contribute to the inflammation that develops.

Genetics
Hereditary factors contribute, however it is not known exactly how this works.
Stress. The adrenal glands produce more androgens when an individual is stressed and this can make acne worse.

Diet
Certain diets may contribute to the development of acne.

Occupation
In rare cases people working in certain industries may develop occupational acne.

Acne can lead to negative self-esteem and some individuals may withdraw from social and sporting activities. Having clear skin can improve confidence in young adults and improve
quality of life.

How is acne treated?

There are many safe and effective acne treatments.

These include topical treatments, antibiotics, hormonal therapy and systemic retinoids

A consultation with your dermatologist can help determine which treatment is best for you.

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